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Combining Cryo-Em Density Map And Residue Contact For Protein Secondary Structure Topologies, Maytha Alshammari, Jing He 2021 Old Dominion University

Combining Cryo-Em Density Map And Residue Contact For Protein Secondary Structure Topologies, Maytha Alshammari, Jing He

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Although atomic structures have been determined directly from cryo-EM density maps with high resolutions, current structure determination methods for medium resolution (5 to 10 Å) cryo-EM maps are limited by the availability of structure templates. Secondary structure traces are lines detected from a cryo-EM density map for α-helices and β-strands of a protein. A topology of secondary structures defines the mapping between a set of sequence segments and a set of traces of secondary structures in three-dimensional space. In order to enhance accuracy in ranking secondary structure topologies, we explored a method that combines three sources of information: a set …


Fmri Feature Extraction Model For Adhd Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network, Senuri De Silva, Sanuwani Udara Dayarathna, Gangani Ariyarathne, Dulani Meedeniya, Sampath Jayarathna 2021 Old Dominion University

Fmri Feature Extraction Model For Adhd Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network, Senuri De Silva, Sanuwani Udara Dayarathna, Gangani Ariyarathne, Dulani Meedeniya, Sampath Jayarathna

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Biomedical intelligence provides a predictive mechanism for the automatic diagnosis of diseases and disorders. With the advancements of computational biology, neuroimaging techniques have been used extensively in clinical data analysis. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder, with the symptomology of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, in which early diagnosis is crucial to prevent unwelcome outcomes. This study addresses ADHD identification using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for the resting state brain by evaluating multiple feature extraction methods. The features of seed-based correlation (SBC), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) are comparatively applied to …


Neurovascular Catheter Measurement System Development For Process And Design Effect Evaluation, Cathal Tadhg Merz 2021 Department of Mechanical, Biomedical & Manufacturing Engineering, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland

Neurovascular Catheter Measurement System Development For Process And Design Effect Evaluation, Cathal Tadhg Merz

Theses

Neurovascular guide catheters are used to treat problems affecting blood vessels within the brain through minimally invasive procedures. Catheters are inserted into the patient via their femoral or brachial arteries and manually navigated to the brain to deliver treatment. This procedure replaces the requirement to cut into the patient’s skull and brain tissue but is limited by reduction of blood vessel lumen diameter and increase in tortuosity of blood vessels deep in the brain. During these procedures, catheters can sometimes fail by kinking or fracturing into two pieces. The rate of failure by fracture of a particular neurovascular catheter device …


Using A Lubricin Reporter Cell To Test Current Vs. Optimized Media Compositions, Sean M. Kennedy 2021 University of Central Florida

Using A Lubricin Reporter Cell To Test Current Vs. Optimized Media Compositions, Sean M. Kennedy

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage. The field of tissue engineering is interested in developing methods to produce biological alternatives to current orthopedic procedures. Lubricin is a molecule which is important in the proper lubrication of articular cartilage. It is a challenge in the field of tissue engineering to produce cartilage with sufficient lubricin expression. Developing a reporter cell for lubricin allowed for a more efficient investigation of the conditions wh­­­ich may influence its expression. By comparing "optimized" and traditional media solutions, it was determined that the use of a previously reported type II …


Biomechanically Inspired Assistive Technology To Restore Movement Of The Upper Limbs After Stroke, Ariel Thomas 2021 West Virginia University

Biomechanically Inspired Assistive Technology To Restore Movement Of The Upper Limbs After Stroke, Ariel Thomas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

A stroke often damages the neural structures responsible for movement. Stroke is a heterogeneous disease, affecting each survivor differently. There are common motor features of a stroke, but even these features vary across time as an individual proceeds through different stages of recovery. The different ways in which stroke motor impairment can present itself are often overlooked, but these differences are fundamental to the understanding of the disease and its recovery. When motor assessments are capable of acquiring information necessary to parse out a detailed profile of each stroke case, this will lead to an improved neuromechanical understanding of the …


Two-Dimensional & Three-Dimensional Microarray Cell Culture Using Elastomeric Assembly Substrates, Angel Olivera-Torres 2021 University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Two-Dimensional & Three-Dimensional Microarray Cell Culture Using Elastomeric Assembly Substrates, Angel Olivera-Torres

Honors Theses

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine represent the collection of all engineering disciplines brought together for the common goal of developing novel ways of growing tissues and organs in the laboratory. Efforts have made it possible to replicate or induce growth of 2D structures in the human body like skin, but the clinical need for on-demand solid organs has yet to be met due to lack of understanding of the variables responsible for organogenesis. Cell-colony heterogeneity, 3D-cellular architecture, bioactive molecules, and crosstalk communication between parenchymal cell populations need to be further investigated, and high-throughput technologies can rapidly increase the rate at …


Silk Hydrogels Incorporated With Melanin, Anne Lutz 2021 Wright State University

Silk Hydrogels Incorporated With Melanin, Anne Lutz

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Melanin is a naturally produced pigment found within the human body. Melanin is known for its ability to protect against Ultra Violet light, but also its ability to allow for mechanical protection. Making melanin a good addition to biomedical devices such as hydrogels. Silk hydrogels are weak in their load bearing capabilities but are known for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and porosity. This makes the silk hydrogel a good material to incorporate melanin into in order to improve the mechanical properties. For the silk solution to form a solid, there must be a presence of both a catalyst and an oxidizer …


Multi-Label Classification On Locally-Linear Data: Application To Chemical Toxicity Prediction, Xiu Huan Yap 2021 Wright State University

Multi-Label Classification On Locally-Linear Data: Application To Chemical Toxicity Prediction, Xiu Huan Yap

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Computational models may assist in identification and prioritization of large chemical libraries. Recent experimental and data curation efforts, such as from the Tox21 consortium, have contributed towards toxicological datasets of increasing numbers of chemicals and toxicity endpoints, creating a golden opportunity for the exploration of multi-label learning and deep learning approaches in this thesis. Multi-label classification (MLC) methods may improve model predictivity by accounting for label dependence. However, current measures of label dependence, such as correlation coefficient, are inappropriate for datasets with extreme class imbalance, often seen in toxicological datasets. In this thesis, we propose a novel label dependence measure …


Altered Skeletal Muscle Excitation-Contraction Coupling In The R6/2 Transgenic Mouse Model For Huntington's Disease, Daniel R. Miranda 2021 Wright State University

Altered Skeletal Muscle Excitation-Contraction Coupling In The R6/2 Transgenic Mouse Model For Huntington's Disease, Daniel R. Miranda

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Huntington’s disease (HD) has classically been categorized as a neurodegenerative disorder. However, the expression of the disease-causing mutated huntingtin gene in skeletal muscle may contribute to the symptoms of HD, namely those that involve involuntary muscle contraction. In the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of HD, we previously observed ion channel defects that could contribute to involuntary muscle contraction. Here, in R6/2 muscle we investigated the consequence of these ion channel defects on action potentials (APs), the first step in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. We found that the ion channel defects were associated with depolarizing the baseline membrane potential during AP trains. …


Nmr Metabolomics For Optimizing Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, Angela M. Campo 2021 Wright State University

Nmr Metabolomics For Optimizing Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, Angela M. Campo

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Cell-Free Protein Synthesis (CFPS) has been utilized by biochemists to produce a variety of chemicals and therapeutics. While CFPS has spawned research in the biochemistry and medical communities, there are still unknown issues with interlaboratory variability with the technique. This work explored the black box nature of CFPS reactions by analyzing the CFPS reactions in situ with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Aim 1 developed the protocol for conducting NMR experiments on E. coli cell-free reactions as well as a data analysis pipeline. This was accomplished with 1H NMR, capturing metabolite changes over time. The 1D NOESY experiment proved to …


Photodynamic Therapy Of Inorganic Complexes For The Treatment Of Cancer, Chloe B. Smith, Lindsay C. Days, Duaa R. Alajroush, Khadija Faye, Yara Khodour, Stephen J. Beebe, Alvin Holder 2021 Old Dominion University

Photodynamic Therapy Of Inorganic Complexes For The Treatment Of Cancer, Chloe B. Smith, Lindsay C. Days, Duaa R. Alajroush, Khadija Faye, Yara Khodour, Stephen J. Beebe, Alvin Holder

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medicinal tool that uses a photosensitiser and a light source to treat several conditions, including cancer. PDT uses reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as cytotoxic singlet oxygen 1O2 to induce cell death in cancer cells. Chemotherapy has historically utilized the cytotoxic effects of many metals, especially transition-metal complexes. However, chemotherapy is a systemic treatment so all cells in a patient's body are exposed to the same cytotoxic effects. Transition metal complexes have also shown high cytotoxicity as PDT agents. PDT is a potential localized method for treating several cancer types by using inorganic …


Safety Analysis Of Battery-Powered Adaptive Ride-On Toys For Children With Disabilities, Abbey Fraser 2021 University of North Florida

Safety Analysis Of Battery-Powered Adaptive Ride-On Toys For Children With Disabilities, Abbey Fraser

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Modified battery-powered ride-on toy cars, or adaptive ride-on toys, represent novel rehabilitation tools and developmental aids for children with disabilities. Studies have shown that children are benefiting socially and developmentally from their use. However, the use of these toys by children with disabilities potentially poses a risk of injury and it is vitally important to ensure the safe use of these toys, particularly for the benefit of those with developmental challenges.

Within this context, the purpose of the first study was to determine whether modifications to ride-on toys are sufficient to prevent common modes of injury such as falls, passenger …


การพัฒนาเพื่อเพิ่มสมรรถนะของอุปกรณ์ทดสอบภูมิแพ้ทางผิวหนังประเภทพลาสติก, มุธิตา เจียระไนรุ่งโรจน์ 2021 คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์

การพัฒนาเพื่อเพิ่มสมรรถนะของอุปกรณ์ทดสอบภูมิแพ้ทางผิวหนังประเภทพลาสติก, มุธิตา เจียระไนรุ่งโรจน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

โรคภูมิแพ้ (Allergy) เป็นโรคที่พบได้บ่อยและมีผลกระทบสูงทั้งทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคม กระบวนการวินิจฉัยโรคภูมิแพ้ที่เป็นที่นิยมที่สุดในปัจจุบันคือการทดสอบที่ผิวหนังด้วยวิธี Skin prick test (SPT) อย่างไรก็ดีประสิทธิภาพของการทดสอบ SPT ขึ้นอยู่กับความเชี่ยวชาญ และ ประสบการณ์ของแพทย์ผู้ทำการทดสอบ ซึ่งพบว่ามีปัจจัยหลายประการที่ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิภาพในการทดสอบ เช่น ประเภทของอุปกรณ์ ประเภทของวัสดุ และแรงกด เป็นต้น ดังนั้นงานวิจัยจึงมีวัตถุประสงค์ในการศึกษาถึงผลกระทบของปัจจัยต่างๆ ที่ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิภาพในการทดสอบ SPT เพื่อการพัฒนาต่อยอดอุปกรณ์ทดสอบภูมิแพ้ที่มีประสิทธิภาพสูงโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งที่สร้างจากพลาสติก โดยผู้วิจัยได้ทำการศึกษาเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพของอุปกรณ์ทดสอบภูมิแพ้ทางผิวหนังที่มีจำหน่ายในท้องตลาดจำนวน 2 ชนิด คือ ALK lancet และ Feather Lancet และ อุปกรณ์ที่สร้างขึ้นจากการฉีดพลาสติกจำนวน 2 ชนิด (Prototype) ด้วยแรงกด 3 แรง คือ 30, 45 และ 60 กรัม กับอาสาสมัครจำนวน 12 คนโดยผู้ทดสอบเพียงคนเดียวในลักษณะสุ่มจุดเจาะ และเปรียบเทียบกับวิธีการมาตรฐานที่ใช้ ALK และ Needle ในการสะกิดโดยแพทย์ผู้เชี่ยวชาญ โดยใช้สารควบคุมบวก Histamine ความเข้มข้น 10 มก./มล และสารควบคุมลบคือ Normal Saline จากการทดลองกับผู้เข้ารับการทดสอบทั้งสิ้น 12 คน พบว่า ขนาดเฉลี่ยของตุ่มบวมโดยใช้อุปกรณ์ทั้ง 4 ประเภทมีขนาดที่เพิ่มขึ้นตามแรงกด โดยที่แรง 30, 45 และ 60 กรัม ตุ่มบวมมีขนาด 2.70 - 4.31 มม., 3.81 - 4.80 มม. และ 4.30 - 5.28 มม. ตามลำดับ และขนาดของตุ่มบวมของมีความแปรปรวนต่ำ ในขณะที่ขนาดเฉลี่ยของตุ่มบวมโดยวิธีการมาตรฐานทั้ง 2 วิธี คือ ALK และ Needle มีขนาดที่ใหญ่กว่าที่ 5.49 …


การเปรียบเทียบวิธีประเมินการจำแนกเสียงพูดโดยใช้ศักย์ไฟฟ้าสมองสัมพันธ์กับเหตุการณ์, พิมพ์วิภา จารุธำรง 2021 คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์

การเปรียบเทียบวิธีประเมินการจำแนกเสียงพูดโดยใช้ศักย์ไฟฟ้าสมองสัมพันธ์กับเหตุการณ์, พิมพ์วิภา จารุธำรง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การจำแนกเสียงพูดคือความสามารถในการจำแนกระหว่างเสียงพยางค์หรือคำ คนที่มีความสามารถในการจำแนกเสียงพูดต่ำมักจะมีปัญหาในการแยกระหว่างคำที่มีเสียงคล้ายกัน โดยปกติการจำแนกเสียงพูดถูกประเมินโดยนักโสตสัมผัสวิทยาทำให้เข้าถึงการประเมินได้ยากเนื่องจากมีนักโสตสัมผัสวิทยาจำนวนไม่มาก นอกจากนี้การประเมินอาจใช้เวลานานหรือไม่สะดวกสำหรับผู้ป่วยบางกลุ่ม เพื่อลดปัญหาเหล่านี้จึงมีการพัฒนาวิธีประเมินการจำแนกเสียงพูดโดยใช้ศักย์ไฟฟ้าสมองสัมพันธ์กับเหตุการณ์ (Event-Related Potentials) วิธีหนึ่งที่มีการใช้คือการสังเกตองค์ประกอบ Mismatch Negativity (MMN) ระหว่างทำการทดลองการฟังแบบ Oddball ต่อมามีการเสนอวิธีใหม่โดยนำสิ่งกระตุ้นทางสายตาที่เป็นตัวอักษรมาใช้ร่วมกับสิ่งกระตุ้นทางเสียง งานวิจัยนี้เสนอวิธีการประเมินโดยใช้ภาพที่แสดงถึงความหมายของคำโดยแบ่งออกเป็นสามแบบที่มีจำนวนภาพและลำดับในการทดลองแตกต่างกัน วิธีใช้ภาพความหมายของคำแต่ละแบบรวมทั้งวิธีที่ใช้การฟังแบบ Oddball และวิธีที่ใช้ตัวอักษรถูกนำมาทดสอบโดยใช้คำสองคำที่มีเสียงพยัญชนะต่างกันแต่มีเสียงสระและเสียงวรรณยุกต์เหมือนกันเพื่อเปรียบเทียบระหว่างแต่ละวิธีโดยนำรูปคลื่นที่ได้มาสร้างเป็นชุดคุณลักษณะแล้วใช้เทคนิคการเรียนรู้ของเครื่อง (Machine Learning) เพื่อจำแนกระหว่างแต่ละเงื่อนไขในการทดลองซึ่งตัวจำแนกที่ใช้ได้แก่ Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) และ Support Vector Machine (SVM) จากการเปรียบเทียบพบว่ามีวิธีที่สามารถนำมาใช้สองวิธี ได้แก่วิธีใช้ภาพความหมายของคำแบบภาพเดียวและวิธีไม่ใช้ภาพ ทั้งสองวิธีนี้ให้ความแม่นยำในการจำแนกสูงกว่า 80% และใช้เวลาหรือสมาธิในการทดลองน้อยกว่าวิธีอื่น การประเมินการจำแนกเสียงพูดโดยใช้วิธีเหล่านี้สามารถนำไปใช้เป็นเครื่องมือคัดกรองอัตโนมัติที่ช่วยประเมินและแนะนำว่าผู้ป่วยควรจะถูกส่งต่อเพื่อตรวจยืนยันกับนักโสตสัมผัสวิทยาหรือไม่ซึ่งสามารถช่วยลดภาระงานของนักโสตสัมผัสวิทยาและทำให้การประเมินเข้าถึงได้ง่ายขึ้น


Low Frequency Oscillations Of Hemodynamic Parameters As A Novel Diagnostic Measure For Traumatic Brain Injury, Andrea Gomez Carrillo 2021 Wright State University

Low Frequency Oscillations Of Hemodynamic Parameters As A Novel Diagnostic Measure For Traumatic Brain Injury, Andrea Gomez Carrillo

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

There is a need to improve methods of monitoring patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in hospital settings. Current monitoring techniques and diagnosis methods are expensive, invasive, do not provide continuous measures, expose the patient to radiation, are ambiguous in the information they provide, and/or cannot be implemented at the bedside. These techniques measure imperative markers of brain function including intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and oxygenation in the brain, among others. Hospitals not only require a practical method for real-time monitoring of patients at the bedside, but also meaningful metrics that characterize TBIs, since the variety of …


Modeling Of Excitation In Skeletal Muscle, Sabrina Kinzie Metzger 2021 Wright State University

Modeling Of Excitation In Skeletal Muscle, Sabrina Kinzie Metzger

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Recent experimental findings in the Rich lab suggest there are important gaps in our understanding of muscle excitability in various disease states. To generate and test hypotheses as well as to determine whether our current understanding of various aspects of muscle excitation can fully explain experimental findings, an accurate model of muscle excitation was needed. Previous studies have modeled excitation of muscle, but in each case, important aspects were omitted. One reason for this is that little effort has been made to accurately simulate muscle action potentials. In this thesis I present progress made towards generation of a model of …


Alterations In Cardiac Motions Of The Failing Heart During Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation, Benjamin Allyn Schmitt 2021 Wright State University

Alterations In Cardiac Motions Of The Failing Heart During Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation, Benjamin Allyn Schmitt

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Objectives: Heart failure (HF) refractory to medical management can be effectively treated with mechanical support. However, available devices are frequently associated with complications due to blood contact. Direct cardiac compression (DCC) devices augment LV systolic pump function by externally compressing the heart surface. Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation (DMVA) is a unique DCC method providing not only systolic but, importantly, diastolic support. However, DCC in general remains a relatively poorly understood modality. The purpose of this study was to examine DMVA’s effect on restoration of physiologic function in the failing heart. Methods: Global ischemic HF was induced with 5 mins of …


Augmenting Structure/Function Relationship Analysis With Deep Learning For The Classification Of Psychoactive Drug Activity At Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Hannah Willow Shows 2021 Wright State University

Augmenting Structure/Function Relationship Analysis With Deep Learning For The Classification Of Psychoactive Drug Activity At Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Hannah Willow Shows

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate intracellular signaling pathways via interaction with external stimuli. [1-5] Despite sharing similar structure and cellular mechanism, GPCRs participate in a uniquely broad range of physiological functions. [6] Due to the size and functional diversity of the GPCR family, these receptors are a major focus for pharmacological applications. [1,7] Current state-of-the-art pharmacology and toxicology research strategies rely on computational methods to efficiently design highly selective, low toxicity compounds. [9], [10] GPCR-targeting therapeutics are associated with low selectivity resulting in increased risk of adverse effects and toxicity. Psychoactive drugs that are active at Class A GPCRs used …


Als-Induced Excitability Changes In Individual Motorneurons And The Spinal Motorneuron Network In Sod1-G93a Mice At Symptom Onset, Christiana S.I. Draper 2021 Wright State University

Als-Induced Excitability Changes In Individual Motorneurons And The Spinal Motorneuron Network In Sod1-G93a Mice At Symptom Onset, Christiana S.I. Draper

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motorneuron (MN) disease in adulthood. ALS is hallmarked by the progressive loss of MNs in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Many hypotheses to explain the pathogenesis of ALS have been explored, but the exact mechanisms underlying the development of this disease remain unknown. However, abnormalities in MN excitability and glutamate excitotoxicity are the most widely studied. For decades, researchers have examined MN excitability in ALS, but the current literature is inconsistent, showing evidence of hyperexcitability, hypoexcitability, or no change in excitability of MNs in ALS. Many of these studies also focus …


Carbon Nanotube-Coated Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Soham Dipakbhai Parikh 2021 Wright State University

Carbon Nanotube-Coated Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Soham Dipakbhai Parikh

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Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have beneficial properties for cell scaffolding, which has translated into effective growth of bone, muscle, and cardiac cells. However, loose carbon nanotubes can cause in vivo toxicity. To reduce this risk, our team has developed biomimetic scaffolds with multiscale hierarchy where carpet-like CNT arrays are covalently bonded to larger biocompatible substrates. In this study, we have tested such scaffolds in two distinct types of biomedical applications involving glioblastoma and keratinocyte cells. The growth of glioblastoma (GBM) cells on our CNT-coated biomimetic scaffolds was evaluated to check their suitability as a potential chemotherapy-loaded implant for GBM patient treatment. …


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