Taxation Commons^™

Monopoly Power In Domestic Production, Smuggling, And The Non-Equivalence Between Tariffs And Quotas, Harvey E. Lapan, Bruno Larue

Harvey Lapan

During the last thirty years, one of the most popular research topics in international trade has been the non-equivalence among policy instruments such as specific and ad valorem import tariffs, voluntary export restraints and import quotas. The non-equivalence principle was shown to hold under revenue/rent seeking behavior (Vousden, 1990), under uncertainty (Young and Anderson, 1982), and in the presence of retaliation (Melvin, 1986; Syropoulos, 1994). Furthermore, it has been shown that different policy instruments have different effects on the stability of world prices (Zwart and Blandford, 1989) in addition to having different effects on the quality/composition of imports ...

Endogenous Labor Supply, Rigid Factor Prices And A Second Best Solution, Harvey E. Lapan

Harvey Lapan

The conventional wisdom asserts that distortions due to factor price rigidities should be eliminated by subsidies. However, we argue that the success of this policy rests upon the fact that the return to the factor is a pure rent. If factor supply is endogenous, then subsidies to employers and taxes on factor owners are needed to support the optimal solution. Since we believe this policy combination works only by assuming away the problem, we then devise a model to study the optimal policies in a second best world. Our results show that, in general, both factor subsidies (or taxes) and ...

Differential Effects Of Monetary Policy On The U.S. Agricultural And Nonagricultural Sectors, Wallace E. Huffman, Suchada V. Langley

Wallace Huffman

The possible adverse effects of monetary policy on the agricultural sector have been the focus of several recent papers (e.g., Johnson, 1980; Gardner, 1981; Chambers, 1984; Starleaf et al. 1985; Falk et al. 1985; and Rausser, 1985). Rausser (1985) and Staraoulis et al. (1985) have hypothesized that raacroeconoraic externalities are imposed upon agriculture because prices are relatively sticky in the nonagricultural sector.

Obstacles To Tax Reform: Income Definition And Capital Gains Taxation, Nicholas Santosuosso

Honors Senior Capstone Projects

The Great Recession of 2007-2009 sparked widespread economic anxiety among the American public while setting the tone for the debate over economic policy to capture center stage in the 2012 Presidential election cycle. Concern over growing budget deficits and wealth concentration in the wake of the Recession caused much of this attention to shift onto the fiscal policy of the United States. Public dissatisfaction with the federal income tax code remains pervasive today, and 72 percent of Americans believe that the tax system needs either a major or complete overhaul, according to Pew Research Center (Doherty 2013). Support for such ...

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America's Tax System And How To Fix It, Brendan O. Smith

Senior Honors Theses

Abraham Lincoln signed into law the first national income tax on August 5, 1861. Since 1913, the content of the Internal Revenue Code has increased from the 27-page tax law of that year to over 5000 pages today. As time has passed and the length of this document has increased, so has the expense and complexity of abiding by its statutes. The inefficiencies of the current system indicate that something must be done about the United States tax system, but no one has agreed on what to do. Many proposals to correct the problem have been brought forward over the ...

Burgers, Doughnuts, And Expatriations: An Analysis Of The Tax Inversion Epidemic And A Solution Presented Through The Lens Of The Burger King-Tim Hortons Merger, Chris Capurso

William & Mary Business Law Review

Currently, the concept of tax inversion is a major corporate phenomenon. In the United States, companies pay taxes on all earnings, whether or not they were accumulated here. With one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world, this is a major expense for U.S. corporations competing in the world market. While most companies simply deal with the tax burden, some U.S. corporations buy foreign companies and relocate the company headquarters to the acquisition’s home country. This corporate expatriation allows companies to avoid U.S. taxes on earnings in a number of ways. This Note will ...

Six Tax Reforms For 2016, Yee Loong Sum

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Offers some fresh ideas on how to make Singapore more business-friendly and socially aware.

Round-Tripping Of Domestic Profits Under The American Jobs Creation Act Of 2004, Sebastien Bradley

Sebastien J Bradley

Public Finance And Tax Equity In The Arabian Gulf Monarchies, Timothy Mathews

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

This study examines notions of public finance equity in the six Arabian Gulf monarchies of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Because of unique characteristics of government expenditures and revenues in these monarchies, many of the standard concepts of public finance (such as the Benefits Principle, Ability-to-Pay Principle, Vertical Equity, and Horizontal Equity) do not provide relevant insights. Consequently, four innovative notions of equity are reviewed and discussed: Within Group Horizontal Equity; Within Group Vertical Equity; Favored Group Horizontal Equity; and Favored Group Vertical Equity. Finally, these four conceptions of equity are applied to a ...

As American As Apple Inc.: Corporate Ownership And The Fight For Tax Reform, Penn Wharton Ppi

Penn Wharton Public Policy Initiative

Both supporters and critics of the current tax advantages enjoyed by U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) bolster their arguments with appeals to patriotism: the MNCs and their political supporters argue that allowing inversions or other similar arrangements and instituting another tax holiday for “repatriating” overseas earnings are good for the American economy as a whole; opponents condemn these tax advantages as unpatriotic in depriving the U.S. of enormous sums of needed revenue. But where, precisely, is the “home” to which profits held offshore return? For many purposes, home is where the shareholders are. Determining ownership of U.S. MNCs ...

Liberating Trapped Cash: A Case Study Of Trapped Cash At Apple And Microsoft, Russell P. Engel, Bridget M. Lyons, Danny A. Pannese

WCOB Faculty Publications

The topic of trapped cash, or cash permanently reinvested overseas to avoid tax upon repatriation, has become a hot topic in accounting, finance and policy circles over the past two years. This case study analyzes the activities of two major technology firms, Microsoft and Apple, to liberate enormous holdings of trapped cash. The case prompts a discussion of the topic of trapped cash, stakeholder considerations and tools available to manage cash balances held outside the United States. The focus is to examine the strategies available and those selected by Microsoft and Apple to meet or at least appease stakeholder demands ...

Incentives To Tax Foreign Investors, Rishi R. Sharma

Economics Faculty Working Papers

This paper shows that a small country can have incentives to tax inbound FDI even in a setting with perfect competition and free entry. While firms make no aggregate profits worldwide due to free entry, they make taxable profits in foreign production locations because their costs are partly incurred in their home countries. These profits are not perfectly mobile because firm productivity varies across locations. Consequently, the host country does not bear the entire burden of a tax on foreign firms, giving rise to an incentive to impose taxes. The standard zero optimal tax result can be recovered in this ...

Taxing And Subsidizing Foreign Investors, Rishi R. Sharma

Economics Faculty Working Papers

Many countries impose taxes on foreign investors while also having in place targeted subsidies and tax incentives that are designed to attract them. This paper shows that such a policy can be optimal from the standpoint of a host country. The government has an incentive to tax inframarginal firms because they are relatively immobile. It also has an incentive to subsidize marginal firms because the economic activity generated by such a subsidy can increase domestic wages in excess of the fiscal cost of the subsidy. These tax and subsidy policies improve host country welfare at the expense of foreigners. This ...

The Cost Of Feeling Good, Casey M. Field

Honors in the Major Theses

The Cost of Feeling Good attempts to quantify the optimum portfolio returns of Socially Responsible Investment Funds and Dual-Purpose Portfolios. In order to meet the demands of investors who want to create a social impact and generate financial returns, investors can choose two methods. For the purpose of this study, the social returns were quantified and the financial returns were quantified using net present value. In every scenario, the socially responsible investment decision generated higher financial returns. Because of the immediate loss to an investor after choosing the DPP strategy, financially, the SRI fund appears to be the better approach ...

The Benefits Of Having A Comprehensive Financial Plan For The Average Consumer, And The Necessary Components Comprised To Make An Effective And Efficient Plan, Nicholas M. Lund

CMC Senior Theses

Socioeconomic changes in American society over the past few decades, as well as an overwhelming amount of uncertainty and misconceptions, have resulted in a majority of Americans to fall short of their financial goals in the short-term, the mid-term, and the long-term. Without proper preparation and financial planning, it is likely that these Americans, and many more, will be unable to reach these goals as well as retire comfortably. Many Americans are overwhelmed with the immense amount of financial information, tools and resources, and as a consequence are unable to plan their finances efficiently and effectively. Americans need a better ...

Impacts Of The National Rental Affordability Scheme On Rental Housing Investment: Changes In Investment Profiles And Investor Satisfaction, Isara Khanjanasthiti, Geroge Earl, Lynne Armitage

Faculty of Society and Design Publications

INTRODUCTION: In Australia, as is the case for many countries around the world, housing affordability is a major problem affecting families on or below average incomes. The impact is particularly severe in the major capital cities such as Sydney and Melbourne. Projections suggest that in the next decade median house price in these cities will exceed one million dollars. To increase the supply of affordable housing, the Australian Government, in partnership with all state governments, initiated a National Rental Affordability Scheme (NRAS) in 2008. One of the key objectives of NRAS is to increase the supply of new affordable rental ...

The Abuse Of Foreign Income Tax Credit, Janki P. Patel

University Honors Program Theses

This analytical study examines the abuse of foreign income tax credit with the provided data from 1996 – 2011. There are various ways to categorize the foreign tax credit, yet this study examines the foreign tax credit taken in various geographic regions. Additionally, it also analyzes the individual foreign tax credit claimed and corporate tax credit claimed to conclude on which unit abuses the credit utmost.

Economic And Taxation Benefits Of The National Rental Affordability Scheme, Isara Khanjanasthiti, George Earl, Lynne Armitage

Faculty of Society and Design Publications

INTRODUCTION: Australia is experiencing a housing affordability crisis, a problem primarily affecting families on low-to-moderate incomes. The median house price continues to increase and is currently more than five times the gross annual median household income. 1 To stimulate additional supply of affordable rental dwellings throughout Australia, the Australian Government, in partnership with state governments, implemented the National Rental Affordability Scheme (NRAS) in 2008. As at December 2015, 37,217 new rental dwellings had been approved under NRAS, of which 30,037 had been built and either tenanted or available for rent. More than 622 million dollars of government funding ...

Property Or Currency? The Tax Dilemma Behind Bitcoin, Scott A. Wiseman

Utah Law Review

At Bitcoin’s peak in November 2013, there were 93,000 global transactions made in a single day. These users purchased everyday items such as personal services, food, and real estate. This alone suggests that Bitcoin is not primarily used as a long-term investment tool, but rather is used as a currency and a vehicle for global transactions. Congress and the IRS should regulate it accordingly. Representative Stockman’s Virtual Currency Reform Act offered an attempt to negate the IRS decision and officially classify Bitcoin and other virtual currencies as currency instead of property. A tax reclassification would alleviate typical ...