Holocaust and Genocide Studies Commons^™

A Feminist Historiography Of Jewish Motherhood During The Holocaust, Andrea Gapsch

The Macksey Journal

This historiography researches historians’ view of Jewish motherhood during the Holocaust. For several decades, Holocaust research primarily focused on the male experience, as it was seen as normative. It was not until the 1980s that female historians had to argue that Jewish women experienced the Holocaust differently than men. Specifically, Jewish women were targeted by the Nazis for the ability to bear and raise Jewish children. The Nazis criminalized pregnancy (which led to abortions done by Jewish women and inmate doctors and infanticide), forcibly sterilized Jewish men and women, and caused amenorrhea in the camps by poor nutrition and overworking ...

Nazi-Confiscated Art: Eliminating Legal Barriers To Returning Stolen Treasures, Stephanie J. Beach

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

World War II ended over three-quarters of a century ago, but there still remain prisoners of war. Before and during the war, the Nazis confiscated approximately 650,000 works of art—an “art theft” orchestrated by Adolf Hitler to rid society of Jewish art and artists and to collect worthy works to build his own art capital. Seventy-five years later, looted Holocaust-era artworks are still either undiscovered or in the possession of museums across the globe without proper ownership attribution or payment to Holocaust survivors or their heirs. There are modern remedies, such as the 1998 Washington Conference on Holocaust ...

Propaganda: How Germany Convinced The Masses, Tracey Martin

History in the Making

During the 1930s and 1940s, the National Socialist German Worker’s Party launched a full-scale propaganda campaign in conjunction with their military and political efforts as a means to subdue, indoctrinate, and control the masses of Germany and the European countryside. It is through this utilization of propaganda that Nazi Germany created a political machine that pumped out propagandistic messages frequently enough to sublimate the atrocities of the Holocaust into acceptable responses to the perceived Jewish problem. This usage of propaganda led to a united German identity, founded in a response full of hatred towards the Jewish people. This look ...

Complicity In The Perversion Of Justice: The Role Of Lawyers In Eroding The Rule Of Law In The Third Reich, Cynthia Fountaine

St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics

A fundamental tenet of the legal profession is that lawyers and judges are uniquely responsible—individually and collectively—for protecting the Rule of Law. This Article considers the failings of the legal profession in living up to that responsibility during Germany’s Third Reich. The incremental steps used by the Nazis to gain control of the German legal system—beginning as early as 1920 when the Nazi Party adopted a party platform that included a plan for a new legal system—turned the legal system on its head and destroyed the Rule of Law. By failing to uphold the integrity ...

Anselm Heinrich. Theatre In Europe Under The German Occupation. Routledge, 2018., Scott G. Williams

Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature

Review of Anselm Heinrich. Theatre in Europe Under the German Occupation. Routledge, 2018. 274 pp.

No Nazis In Valhalla: Understanding The Use (And Misuse) Of Nordic Cultural Markers In Third Reich Era Germany, Lena Nighswander

International ResearchScape Journal

While medieval concepts are frequently used as a means for the general public to understand emerging global political institutions around the world, they also have immense capability to be purposely misused by political groups due to the generally vague and misguided understanding of these concepts by the masses. At one core of these movements is the legacy of Vikings and the misrepresentation of their history by far-right political groups, especially in mid-20^th century Europe, in order to push a fictitious agenda of a prosperous, all-white race of seafaring warriors. Through the appropriation of medieval Old Norse imagery and mythology ...

The Cold War And The Genocide Convention: A History Of The United States’ Refusal To Ratify, Suzanne Hill

2020 JHU Richard Macksey National Undergraduate Humanities Research Symposium

This paper traces the relationship between the Cold War Era and the United States' refusal to ratify the U.N. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide treaty within the time period of 1948-1989. While both the Cold War and the Genocide Treaty have been heavily studied, their relationship has not been well explored. In this paper, I argue that the Cold War was the main reason for the refusal to ratify the Genocide Treaty that the United States had originally been a huge part of crafting. Through using primary sources from government officials from each ...

The 'Rabbits' Of Ravensbrück: Medical Experimentation At The Nazi Concentration Camp For Women, Jenna Galberg

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This dissertation reconstructs the experiences of a group of Polish women imprisoned in Ravensbrück, a Nazi concentration camp in northern Germany, during the Second World War. Arrested and incarcerated for their resistance activities, these seventy-four women were subjected to unconsented experimental operations ordered by Heinrich Himmler and performed by a group of Nazi doctors. By scrutinising prisoner testimony and contemporary documents which survived the war, in addition to engaging with secondary sources, it becomes evident that this group of Poles, known throughout the camp as the ‘Rabbits’, received widespread physical and emotional support from their fellow inmates. Their high survival ...

Spatial And Collective Memories Of Jewish Heritage Sites: A Comparative Study, Bryanna Caraballo

All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This paper is the first component of my capstone on the comparative study of the ghetto of Rome and Łódź ghetto in Poland. This project hopes to examine the importance of collective and spatial memory, and how these factors play a crucial role in our connection and understanding of identity, locations, and memory formation. The following paper will display the similarities between the occupation of the ghetto of Roman from 1555 to the unification of Italy in 1870, and the Łódź ghetto operation during World War II (1939-1945). The paper will also touch upon the differences between today’s Roman ...

Chomsky And Genocide, Adam Jones

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Noam Chomsky may justly be considered the most important public intellectual alive, and the most significant of the post-World War Two era. Despite his scholarly contributions to linguistics, at least three generations know him primarily for his political writings and activism, voicing a left-radical, humanist critique of US foreign policy and other subjects.

Given that a human-rights discourse is prominent in Chomsky’s political writing, and given that genocide-related controversies have sometimes swirled around him, it is worthwhile to consider the overall place and framing of genocide in his published output. The present paper undertakes such an inquiry. It employs ...

Book Review: Gender And The Genocide In Rwanda: Women As Rescuers And As Perpetrators, Hollie Nyseth Brehm

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Red Famine: Stalin's War On Ukraine, Natalia Paola Crocco

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The article is a review of the book "Red famine. Stalin´s war on Ukraine" by Anne Applebaum. The book takes a tour of the process of artificial famine that Ukraine suffered in the early 1930s by the Soviet Union, its historical background and its consequences today.

Book Review: Anti-Semitism And The Holocaust: Language, Rhetoric And The Traditions Of Hatred, Brenda L. Gaydosh

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

Full Issue

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

Editor's Introduction

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

“An Entirely New And Utterly Horrifying Reality”: Jews’ Perceptions Of And Reactions To The Kovno Pogroms, June 22–July 6, 1941, Sarah Markowitz

War and Society (MA) Theses

This thesis examines a roughly two-week period, between June 22 and July 6, 1941, during which Jews in Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania, became the primary targets of attacks by local Lithuanians in the midst of the German invasion of the Soviet Union. An analysis of eyewitness accounts reveals that, in comparison to life before June 22, the Kovno pogroms constituted “an entirely new and utterly horrifying reality” for Kovno Jews. While Jews knew some Lithuanians to be antisemitic, there was no previous history of widespread antisemitic violence in the city and positive interethnic relationship were common. Therefore, in the days following ...

Standing Where They Stood, Richard A. Butler

History in the Making

No abstract provided.

Holocaust Ghettos, Rebecca Parraz

History in the Making

In Nazi Germany, the Jewish people were forced into segregated areas that would ultimately evolve into “Holocaust ghettos.” Thousands of these ghettos were built across Europe, and within these ghettos Jews were under complete control and forced to follow severe regulations. These ghettos soon became overpopulated, and resources became scarce. By the end of WorldWar II, thousands of Jews had died within the walls of the ghettos. Causes of death ranged from starvation to disease, and even murder. It is evident that as the war progressed, the Nazis began to use the ghettos as a tool in the Final Solution ...

The Goose-Step Is Only Functional For Geese: Perspective On The Intentionalist/Functionalist Debate On Nazi Germany And The Holocaust, And Its Implications For Humanity’S Advancement Through Modernity, Richard A. Butler

History in the Making

This article aims to examine the nuances of both the Intentionalist and Functionalist perspectives as they relate to Nazi Germany and the Holocaust.While acknowledging the ongoing debate between the two ideological camps, a new perspective is suggested as being a more appropriate means to understanding the event. This new perspective is heavily influenced by the research done by authors such as Timothy Snyder, Donald Bloxham and Christopher Browning. The research conducted suggests that instead of the two perspectives competing for prominence, a synthetic approach is more effective in analyzing Nazi Germany and the resulting atrocities. The new perspective is ...

The National Socialists And How They Ostracized An Entire Population, Kathryn Weber

Geifman Prize in Holocaust Studies

In this paper, I analyze how the National Socialists ostracized the Jews before the start of World War II. I also discuss the importance of teaching students about this topic in US schools in a way that promotes historical inquiry, historical empathy, and critical thinking skills. There is an attached lesson plan that I did with 6th-grade students to provide an example of one way to teach students about the Holocaust. Here is my thesis for the paper:

"By examining laws passed by the Reichstag, the organization of the ghettos and the camps, the German education system, correspondence between top ...