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Recent Articles in History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Graduate School Of Nursing Papers, 1982 – 2009: A Finding Aid, Office of Medical History and Archives, Lamar Soutter Library, University of Massachusetts Medical School 
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Graduate School Of Nursing Papers, 1982 – 2009: A Finding Aid, Office Of Medical History And Archives, Lamar Soutter Library, University Of Massachusetts Medical School
Finding Aids
The Graduate School of Nursing Papers documents the establishment of the Graduate School of Nursing at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, and chronicles its early history and development.
Interview Of Thomas J. Wurtenberger, Thomas J. Wurtenberger, Charles D. Muzyczek 
La Salle University
Interview Of Thomas J. Wurtenberger, Thomas J. Wurtenberger, Charles D. Muzyczek
All Oral Histories
Thomas J. Wurtenberger was born and raised in the Lower Olney (Feltonville) section of Philadelphia in 1935. He was raised primarily by his mother after the death of his father in 1944. Tom attended North Catholic High School where he took business courses. He did not have aspirations to attend college right out of high school. He was encouraged by a former employer to better himself by going to college and earning a degree. One year after graduation Tom enrolled at La Salle College. He chose La Salle because of its reasonable tuition and proximity to home. Originally Tom desired ...
Brave New Wireless World: Mapping The Rise Of Ubiquitous Connectivity From Myth To Market, Vincent R. Manzerolle 
Western University
Brave New Wireless World: Mapping The Rise Of Ubiquitous Connectivity From Myth To Market, Vincent R. Manzerolle
University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This dissertation offers a critical and historical analysis of the myth of ubiquitous connectivity—a myth widely associated with the technological capabilities offered by “always on” Internet-enabled mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. This myth proclaims that work and social life are optimized, made more flexible, manageable, and productive, through the use of these devices and their related services. The prevalence of this myth—whether articulated as commercial strategy, organizational goal, or mode of social mediation—offers repeated claims that the experience and organization of daily life has passed a technological threshold. Its proponents champion the virtues of the invisible ...
Coble And Eisenhart: Two Gettysburgians Who Led Mathematics, Darren B. Glass 
Gettysburg College
Coble And Eisenhart: Two Gettysburgians Who Led Mathematics, Darren B. Glass
Math Faculty Publications
In 1895, there were 134 students at Gettysburg College, which was then called Pennsylvania College. Of these students, two of them went on to become president of the American Mathematical Society. In this article, we look at the lives of these two men, Arthur Coble and Luther Eisenhart, and their contributions to mathematics and higher education, as well as look at what mathematics was like at Gettysburg at the end of the nineteenth century.
The Rise Of Science In Japan: 日本科学発展と原因, Mario Harper 
Utah State University
The Rise Of Science In Japan: 日本科学発展と原因, Mario Harper
Browse All Undergraduate research
日本の科学は第二次世界大戦から始まったと多くの人は思っている。もちろん、多くの発展は戦後に行われたのは事実。しかし、戦争以前にも「テクノロジージャパン」な考え方が非常に寿実していた。このスライドショーは日本科学発展の原因となることをいくつか見ています。
Jlia 2:1 
Penn State Law
Jlia 2:1
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
There is an ever widening gap between conflict resolution policy makers and scholars—a tragedy given practitioners’ dire need for new ideas to help resolve deadly conflicts and the growing knowledge researchers have to share. Research tends to swing like a pendulum between analytic and rigorous methods and accessible and relevant approaches. We reject this tradeoff. We believe that research can be simultaneously rigorous and relevant, and analytic and accessible. Given the devastating loss of life associated with armed conflict, the need for translating research results into policy prescriptions is especially strong in peacemaking. The goal of this issue of ...
Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’S 1583 Expedition And A Reexamination Of Early Modern English Colonization In The North Atlantic World, Nathan Probasco 
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’S 1583 Expedition And A Reexamination Of Early Modern English Colonization In The North Atlantic World, Nathan Probasco
Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History
Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 expedition to North America was the first attempt by an Englishman to colonize beyond the British Isles, and yet it has not been subject to thorough scholarly analysis for more than seventy years. Although it is often overlooked or misinterpreted by scholars, an exhaustive examination of the voyage reveals the complexity and preparedness of this and similar early modern English expeditions. Gilbert recruited several specialists who expended considerable time and resources while researching and otherwise working in support of the voyage. Their efforts secured much needed capital, a necessary component of expensive private voyages, and ...
Consequences Of The Arab Spring: How Shari’Ah Law And The Egyptian Revolution Will Impact Ip Protection And Enforcement, Stephen S. Zimowski Penn State Law
Consequences Of The Arab Spring: How Shari’Ah Law And The Egyptian Revolution Will Impact Ip Protection And Enforcement, Stephen S. Zimowski
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Egypt’s recent revolution sent shockwaves through the international community, and almost immediately political pundits began to ponder its effect on Middle Eastern stability. To date, post-revolution Egypt has struggled to regain its political stability and implement the democratic government its citizens demand. The eventual nature of the new Egyptian government will have a substantial impact not only on the region’s stability but also on international trade. As such, this comment will examine the likely impact of a new Egyptian regime on intellectual property rights and protections in Egypt. The comment explores the role of Shari’ah Law in ...
“The Living Are Getting Rarer”: The Causes And Consequences Of The International Trade In White Rhinoceros Horns Under The Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species, Alisha Falberg Penn State Law
“The Living Are Getting Rarer”: The Causes And Consequences Of The International Trade In White Rhinoceros Horns Under The Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species, Alisha Falberg
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
In 2012, more than 400 South African white rhinoceros were poached and killed for their horns. The horns, used in ancient Asian medicines, are falsely believed to cure diseases. They are currently worth thousands of dollars on the black market because the white rhinoceros is an endangered species and the trade in its horns is strictly regulated under the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).The two countries at the center of this crisis are South Africa, where the majority of the world’s white rhinoceros live and are being poached ...
We Can Work It Out: Putting Our Best Foot Forward In International Higher Education Initiatives, Julie Rowland Penn State Law
We Can Work It Out: Putting Our Best Foot Forward In International Higher Education Initiatives, Julie Rowland
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
A global economy requires globally competitive workers and global citizens.This need has generated supranational higher education initiatives through organizations such as the European Union and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. These initiatives promote student mobility across borders by harmonizing higher education systems between member nations. To demonstrate how the U.S. can become more involved in international higher education initiatives, this comment will first give an overview of the history of these initiatives globally. The comment explores the legal and soft governance mechanisms involved in international initiatives and the feasibility of their application to the U.S. A description of ...
2012-13 Jlia Masthead, JLIA Masthead Penn State Law
2012-13 Jlia Masthead, Jlia Masthead
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
No abstract provided.
Mediation – Its Potential And Its Limits: Developing An Effective Discourse On The Research And Practice Of Peacemaking, Dennis C. Jett Penn State Law
Mediation – Its Potential And Its Limits: Developing An Effective Discourse On The Research And Practice Of Peacemaking, Dennis C. Jett
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
This article looks at the various contributions to this issue of the Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs. The contributors have analyzed the potential and limits of mediation, but have focused on a number of different aspects of that process. The analytic research relevant to conflict situations will be most useful, however, if the recommendations offered for how to bring conflicts to an end can actually be of use to practitioners in the field. The approach of this article is therefore to consider how policymakers might employ these recommendations as they pursue the goal of peace. It also discusses ...
Ethnic Conflict: An Organizational Perspective, Victor Asal, Jonathan Wilkenfeld Penn State Law
Ethnic Conflict: An Organizational Perspective, Victor Asal, Jonathan Wilkenfeld
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
To talk about the behavior of others is to generalize especially if that behavior is perceived to be negative. As researchers who have studied ethnic discrimination and ethnic conflict for close to two decades, we have noticed, anecdotally at least, that this penchant for generalization is rampant in discussions of ethnic politics. Journalists and academics tend to talk about one or another ethnic group’s involvement in violence without specifying a political organizational agent. This kind of generalization is a serious obstacle to understanding conflicts and identifying solutions because it prevents policymakers and academics from getting at the messy reality ...
When States Mediate, Molly M. Melin Penn State Law
When States Mediate, Molly M. Melin
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Militarized conflict is one of the most devastating of all human activities. The international community’s response to conflict occurrence can significantly affect the number of casualties, the extent of resulting devastation and even the outcome of the conflict. State responses range from conflict management, whereby third parties actively engage in resolving the conflict; joining, whereby states become an additional disputant; or remaining uninvolved. One of the most common active third-party responses is to act as a mediator, a role using consensual, nonbinding and nonviolent means of conflict management and resolution. This paper explores the policy of state-led mediation, its ...
The Politics Of International Arbitration And Adjudication, Stephen E. Gent Penn State Law
The Politics Of International Arbitration And Adjudication, Stephen E. Gent
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Arbitration and adjudication have proven to be effective means of producing long-lasting settlements on contentious issues, but states are generally reluctant to use such legal forms of dispute resolution, especially in resolving issues of national security. To understand when policymakers can and should promote the use of legal mechanisms, they need to understand the political reasons behind the reluctance of states to use these forums. This essay identifies five factors that significantly influence the willingness of states to relinquish decision control and pursue arbitration or adjudication: third-party bias, salience, uncertainty, bargaining power, and armed conflict. To promote the use of ...
Using The Right Tool For The Job: Mediator Leverage And Conflict Resolution, Kyle Beardsley Penn State Law
Using The Right Tool For The Job: Mediator Leverage And Conflict Resolution, Kyle Beardsley
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
In international dispute mediation, a one-size-fits-all view of mediation may actually inhibit effective conflict resolution. Mediators must especially tailor the level of leverage to the needs of the situation. This essay first considers existing studies that have found both potential benefits and risks of heavy-handed third-party involvement as a conflict-management strategy. It then considers a few illustrative cases to demonstrate the importance of making sure that the tools of mediation fit the context. Finally, it concludes with a discussion of how sustained post-conflict peacekeeping and peacebuilding can reduce the risks of leverage in mediation.
Intractable Syria? Insights From The Scholarly Literature On The Failure Of Mediation, J. Michael Greig Penn State Law
Intractable Syria? Insights From The Scholarly Literature On The Failure Of Mediation, J. Michael Greig
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
The conflict in Syria has been ongoing since March 2011, but to date has resisted third-party diplomatic efforts. This failure of mediation is despite the fact that numerous actors in the international system have interests both in Syria and the Middle East at large. The human toll of the conflict, which has produced large numbers of civilian casualties and considerable human suffering, creates even deeper urgency for effective conflict management in Syria. In this paper, I apply insights drawn from the scholarly literature on conflict management and civil wars to the Syrian conflict to explain why mediation efforts have thus ...
Who Should Be At The Table?: Veto Players And Peace Processes In Civil War, David E. Cunningham Penn State Law
Who Should Be At The Table?: Veto Players And Peace Processes In Civil War, David E. Cunningham
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Civil wars contain a set of actors that have the ability to block settlement and continue the war on their own. When they contain more “veto players,” conflicts are much longer and negotiations are more likely to break down. The rate of success of international efforts to resolve multi-party civil wars is much lower than when there is only one rebel group fighting the government. This article discusses implications for peacemakers designing responses to conflicts with multiple veto players. Negotiations in these conflicts are most likely to lead to a peace agreement that successfully ends the war if they include ...
Deceptive Results: Why Mediation Appears To Fail But Actually Succeeds, Scott Sigmund Gartner Penn State Law
Deceptive Results: Why Mediation Appears To Fail But Actually Succeeds, Scott Sigmund Gartner
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
International disputes receiving third-party mediation are less likely to result in peace treaties than those negotiated bilaterally between the disputants. When belligerents do settle, mediated agreements are more likely to fail. Is mediation detrimental to conflict resolution? No. Third-party mediation represents a highly effective, but costly, means of peacemaking. Disputants recognize its costs and only employ mediation when they are unable to resolve a conflict between themselves, creating a “selection effect.” As a result, mediators are selected for the toughest cases – those least likely to end peacefully and mostly likely to result in fragile agreements. When the difficulty of resolving ...
Research On Bias In Mediation: Policy Implications, Isak Svensson Penn State Law
Research On Bias In Mediation: Policy Implications, Isak Svensson
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
One of the most important and disputed questions within the field of international mediation concerns the issue of bias. The question of bias cuts to the core of what mediation is and the ways in which mediators can help the parties reach peace. Focusing on research on the role of neutrality and bias in international peace diplomacy in civil wars, this article draws out the policy implications of my own empirically-based work on the role of bias in the mediation of internal armed conflicts. This article suggests that neutrality should not be part of the definition of mediators, and that ...
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