European History Commons^™

A Study Of The United States Influence On German Eugenics., Cameron Williams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a study of the influence and effects that the United States had upon Germany from the rise of eugenics to its fall following the end of World War II. There are three stages to this study. First, I examine the rise of eugenics in the United States from its inception to the end of World War I and the influence it had upon Germany. Then I examine the interwar era along with the popularization of eugenics within both countries before concluding with the Second World War and post war era.

My thesis focuses on both the active ...

Full Issue: Volume 1, Issue 1, Editorial Board

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

The first issue of the Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal.

No Nazis In Valhalla: Understanding The Use (And Misuse) Of Nordic Cultural Markers In Third Reich Era Germany, Lena Nighswander

International ResearchScape Journal

While medieval concepts are frequently used as a means for the general public to understand emerging global political institutions around the world, they also have immense capability to be purposely misused by political groups due to the generally vague and misguided understanding of these concepts by the masses. At one core of these movements is the legacy of Vikings and the misrepresentation of their history by far-right political groups, especially in mid-20^th century Europe, in order to push a fictitious agenda of a prosperous, all-white race of seafaring warriors. Through the appropriation of medieval Old Norse imagery and mythology ...

The British Smuggling Dilemma: 1698-1784, Bree Rosenberger

International ResearchScape Journal

By the late 17th century, Great Britain had a major smuggling problem, initially in illegally exported wool but later imported teas and French brandies. The problem grew to its peak in the mid 18th century and caused enormous financial loss to the government. This paper analyzes, among other contemporary documents, the 1767 account from Sir Stephen T. Janssen to argue that the problem was created by high taxes on teas and politically-motivated attempts by the crown to popularize gin. Even during time of war, smuggling between Great Britain and France continued. Adept tactics, aid from local townspeople, and notorious violence ...

Making The Case For Spain’S Possession Of Jerusalem: Diego De Valdés’S De Dignitate Regum Regnorumque Hispaniae, Chad Leahy

Translat Library

This article offers a brief textual history, summary, analysis, and complete edition of Chapter 17 of Diego de Valdés’s De dignitate regum regnorumque Hispaniae (1602). This little-studied text merits our attention as a uniquely layered assertion of Spanish rights to the throne of Jerusalem in the early modern period. Valdés is unique among his contemporaries in not simply insisting on the legal validity of Spanish pretensions to Jerusalemite kingship but, more interestingly, in situating such claims within the broader historical sweep of dynastic transmissions of the title from the eleventh century to the present. Valdés’s granular view of ...

Bernard Palissy: Early Career - Securing Patronage And Mimicking Nature In A Moment Of Crisis, Karissa Bailey

LSU Master's Theses

Early in 1562, France was experiencing a state of high religious tension between Protestants and Catholics that would precipitate the outbreak of the Religious Wars on March 1. A week before, Bernard Palissy, a Huguenot potter, wrote a letter to his Catholic patron from prison inBordeaux where he was being held on charges associated with an iconoclastic incident in his home city of Saintes. This letter would later be published as a dedication letter for the pamphlet Architecture et Ordonnance, which featured the description of a grotto commissioned by Anne de Montmorency, Palissy’s patron, seven years earlier. This thesis ...

Fuitina: Love, Sex, And Rape In Modern Italy, 1945–Present, Antonella Vitale

All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The term fuitina in Sicilian dialect is a word used to describe a form of abduction, and is a variation of the more formal Italian term fuga, meaning a flight or escape. Fuitina, was essentially a sanctioned bride theft. Often, after the abduction of a woman, the abductor would seek a reparatory or rehabilitating marriage that would restore the woman’s “honor” and absolve the man of bride theft. Until 1981, the Italian legal system supported the practice of fuitina and rarely prosecuted men who kidnapped and raped women under the guise of this tradition. The practice of fuitina and ...

Red Sea, White Tides, And Blue Horizons, John P. Devine

All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Eric Hobsbawm, in his effort to explain the fundamental divide which produced the Second World War, convincingly argues that “the crucial lines in this civil war were not drawn between capitalism as such and communist social revolution, but between ideological families: on the one hand the descendants of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment and the great revolutions including, obviously the Russian revolution’, on the other hand, its opponents.” This thesis argues that the American Civil War was a “great revolution” that represented a crucial transformative point in the formation of these two waring factions. The struggle was especially influential on the theory ...

Bones, Burials, And The Riddle Of Truth: Reconstructing The Past Through What Has Been Left Behind, Jelena M. Begonja

All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Mortuary archaeology is known to be the study of human remains and burials. The primary focus of this work has been to study all of the elements associated in burials to learn more about the burial practices and rituals in a group’s culture, however, there is much more potential in studying burial sites than just learning about a group’s burial rituals and practices. This thesis will demonstrate that it is indeed possible to make different inferences about the rest of people’s daily lives, and the truth, based from materials found in studying burials alone. For some groups ...

Centering The Black Woman As A Subject Of Portraiture In Nineteenth-Century French Art, Llyleila Richardson

XULAneXUS

Until the 19th century, artistic depictions of black women by European artists were rare. Often they were relegated to the background as domestic attendants to European noblewomen, serving as symbols of the latter’s colonial wealth and further provide contrast with the darkness of their skin against the aristocratic fairness of their white mistresses. The transition into the 19th century was a turbulent period in European history, especially for France, as the country saw multiple revolts and governmental changes at home. Simultaneously colonization overseas continued to expand, creating previously unheard-of access to foreign cultures and ideas.

Black women became an ...

Darkness In The Parlor: Prostitution And Narratives Of Urban Exploration In London’S West End, Aiden Evans

The Forum: Journal of History

Prostitution in London’s West End came to constitute a multidimensional transgression for middle-class observers during the late-Victorian period, contesting traditional distinctions between West and East, middle-class and working-class, and public and private life. First, through the use of Late Victorian urban exploration narratives, I will show that urban explorers applied a rigid conceptual framework to identify the working-class prostitutes occupying London’s affluent West-End. Rooted in class-based hierarchies, these systems of identification presumed that working-class prostitutes were categorically distinct, visible, and undisguisable in London’s West End. Moreover, I argue that this conceptual framework reveals the authors’ binary understandings ...

Urban Palimpsests: Studying Enlightenment Influences In The Post-Earthquake Rebuilding Of Lima And Lisbon, 1746–1765, Emily Chung

The Forum: Journal of History

Urban renewal has long existed as a vessel for the assertion of authority, embodying hierarchy, policy, and culture in the most tangible way with architecture and civic landscaping shaped to accommodate the upper strata of society. Particularly interesting to study through this lens is the latter half of the eighteenth century which marks the turning point between royal absolutism and the emergence of competing forms of power in the European Empire, through the growth of the Enlightenment movement. This paper offers a comparison of two imperial cities, Lima and Lisbon, which due to similarly tragic earthquakes, were provided the opportunity ...

Freedom’S Paradoxes: A Case Study Of The Slave Schooner Julita, Lucy Wickstrom

The Forum: Journal of History

After Great Britain abolished the slave trade in 1807, the British Royal Navy committed one-fifth of its manpower to the cause of capturing other nations’ illegal slave ships. This effort to enforce abolition liberated 250,000 displaced Africans over the course of the nineteenth century and brought the crews that had carried them before officials to have their cases tried. Because of the careful documentation of these cases by the Mixed Commissions, there is a wealth of primary sources detailing the circumstances of these captures and the human beings claimed as cargo. This paper utilizes a case study of one ...

Sedentary Flesh: Nineteenth-Century French Orientalists And Bodies Of The Female Other, Amelia Aitchison

The Forum: Journal of History

As visual texts of subjectivity and ideology, paintings are uniquely useful tools for historical analysis. Peaking in popularity in nineteenth-century Europe, the enduring erotic mystification of the Turkish seraglio manifested frequently in the form of paintings. At this time, French academicism and realism rose in status internationally and, bolstered by the esteem of the Paris Salon and the competitiveness generated by the advent of photography, so too did elaborately (and misleadingly) detailed depictions of the Orient. This paper concerns the inherent politics of French depictions of Turkish odalisques, focusing on the orientalist discourse generated by the quasi-realistic style of nineteenth-century ...

Hist 101 Early Modern Europe, Tracey L. Billado

Open Educational Resources

This course introduces the major social, intellectual, political, religious, and cultural trends of Europe during the early modern period.

In And Outside City Walls: Medieval Jewish Communities And Rulership In German Cities, Zoë Schwartz

2020 JHU Richard Macksey National Undergraduate Humanities Research Symposium

As one would expect, Jewish life within the German Kingdom in the high middle ages (1000-1300 CE) was fraught with instability. The micro-history of specific Jewish communities has been undertaken by historians in the past, but the Jewish experience within multiple cities has yet to be compared. Due to the diversity of German city authority structures, the restrictions and privileges put upon the community were diverse. How these laws effect the daily life of the Jewish community was subject to the gentile authority of bishops, for those inhabiting bishop-cities, or the Emperor directly, for those living in free imperial states ...

Tinderbox: Danish-Russian Relations, 1989-2019, Maddy Ghose

Master's Theses

This thesis documents and analyzes the major trends of the military, political, economic, and cultural relationships between Denmark and Russia from 1989 to 2019. I document the relationship from the Danish perspective, using primary sources, with the aim to conduct analysis of Danish politicians’ speeches and activities during this period. The outcome is a comprehensive image of the Danish-Russian bilateral relationship at the present time. This relationship has fluctuated widely during the time period under study. Shared economic development interests in the 1990s contributed to a positive relationship; controversy surrounding the war in Chechnya and an assertive Danish prime minister ...

Evolution To Madness: An Analysis Into The Violent Disparity Between 19th And 20th Century Serbian Nationalisms, David Castillo

2020 JHU Richard Macksey National Undergraduate Humanities Research Symposium

Through the utilization of a comparative analysis between 19th-century Serbian expansionism and the nationalistic movement of the 20th century, I argue that Serbia's late-20th century nationalistic expansion efforts were so much more violent than the earlier episode because of the content espoused by the ideologies themselves. This work seeks to develop an understanding of early Serbian imperial aspirations of the 19th century through analyzing official policy regarding territorial expansion into neighboring Balkan states. However, the egregious violence seen at the end of the 20th century demonstrates a clear divergence from said imperial beginnings. I argue that the difference in ...

How The Russo-Japanese War Affected U.S Naval And Marine Corps Policy, Strategy, And Tactics From 1904 To 1924, Houston Crudele

2020 JHU Richard Macksey National Undergraduate Humanities Research Symposium

Scholars have overlooked the effect of the Russo-Japanese War and its pivotal role in U.S. Naval policy, strategy, and tactics. The Russo-Japanese War was the first instance where the U.S. Navy paid attention to Japan because Japan's naval and ground forces had defeated a major western power. After 1904, the U.S. Navy had to consider Japan a viable threat to American interests. The U.S. Navy's war planning activities in relation to Japan have attracted considerable attention by historians. Scholars have published elaborate studies about the development of War Plan Orange (1911-1941) detailing how the ...

Celtic Culture And Early Christianity As Simultaneous Intellectual Movements In The Early Medieval Scotland And Ireland, Will Christian De Man

2020 JHU Richard Macksey National Undergraduate Humanities Research Symposium

This paper is focused on the interactions between native Celtic culture and Christianity in Early Medieval Scotland and Ireland. The primary argument is that the roots of early Christian hagiography in Ireland are based on Celtic folklore. Specifically, it will explores the ways in which early Irish saints like Patrick, Colmcille, and Brigid are portrayed as mythological heroes in Irish folklore. The Life of Brigid and the Tain Bo Cuilainge are used as primary sources. The Tain is an example of the model that Irish mythological heroes were based off, whereas the Life of Brigid is a specific example of ...