East Asian Languages and Societies Commons^™

Transference Vol. 8, Fall 2020, Molly Lynde-Recchia

Transference

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Cultural Heritage On Japanese Towns And Villages, Yuichiro Tsuji Dr.

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental & Innovation Law

In 1954, when historically significant clays and clay pots were found in the Iba district of Shizuoka prefecture, the city applied to the prefectural education committee for a historic site designation. The committee granted this designation to the city..

However, in 1973 the education committee lifted its permission to promote development around the location. Historians have sought revocation of this decision under the Administrative Case Litigation Act (ACLA), but the Supreme Court has denied standing. By denying standing, the Japanese Supreme Court allows the prefecture to destroy a historical site.

First, this paper seeks to discuss the doctrine of standing …

An Imitation Of Life: The Strength And Struggle Of Women In Murakami Ryū, Joseph Erobha

Masters Theses

This thesis argues that the following texts by Murakami Ryū: “Topaz” (1988), Piercing (1997), Audition (1997), and Popular Hits of the Showa Era (1997), are works of transgressive fiction in which the female protagonists respond to the hurtful restrictions and expectations of their gender roles by expressing a dissatisfaction with their “bodies” within these systems, or exacting personal vengeance against the actors of their oppression. It is through such analysis of these characters that the problems faced by women in modern Japan are scrutinized and brought to attention. Even though Murakami himself has written essays that can appear contrary to …

Literary Portrayals Of Religious Awakening Through Suffering And Loss - Buddhist, Daoist, And Christian Perspectives, Robert Canning

Masters Theses

The focus of this study is on portrayals of religious awakening in four short works of literature: a Chinese play, two Chinese short stories, and an American short story. In all of these works, the protagonists attain religious awakening, but only do so because they experience suffering and loss.

The experience of suffering and loss in these works helps to bring about the protagonists’ willingness to leave the worldly life. This is because the experience of suffering and loss clears the minds of the protagonists and helps them to realize the bitter nature of worldly existence.

In addition, these works …

'Seeds Of Happiness': An Oral History Of Members Of Soka Gakkai International-New Orleans, Lorvelis Amelia Madueño

University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a Japanese new religious movement present in 192 countries. Despite the substantial amount of academic work that has been produced on SGI’s overseas expansion, many scholars continue to overlook the local context when analyzing the organization’s global presence. This paper is based on oral history interviews and examines the experiences of five members of the SGI-USA New Orleans Buddhist Center, located in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. This thesis argues that many SGI practitioners choose to join and remain in the organization because it fills specific spiritual and emotional voids in their lives, creates …

Unprecedented Immigration: The Ramifications On Japan’S Party Politics, Keiko Hirano-Lee

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Although the immigration discourse is a taboo subject in Japan, the aging demographics and the need for workers has brought the topic into discussion. Part of the OECD community, Japan remains the eldest liberal country who up till recently avoided immigration to maintain its unique image. This thesis builds on Japanese and immigration scholarship to examine how new pro-immigration policies of the conservative Liberal Democratic Party may affect their electoral standing. By looking at official statements, newspaper polls, and the wording of policies, it will help examine new spaces of contestation that have yet to be studied. As a forward …

More Than Just Video Games: Analyzing Japanese Game Design 1985 - 1995, Gerald Demattia

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This thesis is an exploration of how the Japanese experience in the second half of the 20^th century shaped video game design in Japan from 1985-1995 – particularly the formation of the Japanese role-playing game (JRPG) genre. To understand the connection between the Japanese experience and JRPGs, research for this thesis was conducted around specific game developers and their creations, namely: Yuji Horii and Dragon Quest; Shigesato Itoi and Mother 1 & 2; and Tajiri Satoshi and the Pokémon games. The crux of this paper centers on primary source interviews with developers where social commentary was cited …

An Umbrella Of Autonomy: The Validity Of The Hong Kong Protests, Ciera Lehmann

Senior Honors Theses

Hong Kong has been fighting for democracy and to retain its autonomy from China, and the world has been watching. Over time, Hong Kongers have seen Beijing blatantly tighten its grip before time was up for the fifty-year agreement since the handover in 1997. In 2014, and again in 2019, hundreds of thousands of citizens filled the streets to participate in pro-democracy demonstrations with the protests only gaining momentum and influence. While there has mostly been support for Hong Kong’s independence movement, there has been argument that Beijing’s actions are completely justified. Should Hong Kong remain autonomous from China, and …

Mulan: An Exploration Of Culture And Representation In Hollywood, Annie Okuhara, Bernadine Cortina, Hung Le, Ryan Nakahara, Jerry Zou

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

'Mulan: An Exploration of Culture and Representation in Hollywood' is a presentation and detailed analysis of various representational, cultural, and minority-related issues in the context of Hollywood and western media. The presentation will focalize specifically around the recent live-action remake of the 1998 film "Mulan". The remake, premiered in March 2020, received critical backlash from various audiences (mostly from the BIPOC community), bashing the film for its misrepresentation of Ancient China and Ancient Chinese culture. Through this misrepresentation, the Hollywood film ultimately reflects views of cultural appropriation, misogyny, and overall minority underrepresentation in the United States. The research presents the …

Chinese Gardens: Solutions For Urban Nature Deficit, Zachary K. Warner

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Research shows that time spent in nature is good for human health and well-being. However, as the world’s population becomes more concentrated in urban areas regular time in nature, especially extended time, is becoming more difficult to have. On the other hand, Chinese gardens can provide one solution to this problem because they have a unique way of providing a naturalistic space within a small area. Despite this fact, there aren’t many Chinese style gardens outside of China. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to identify possible barriers to using Chinese garden design principles and construction techniques, then address …

華夷之辨、華夷之辯 : 從《左傳》談起, Wai-Yee Li

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

蠻、夷、戎、狄等稱謂可以是具體專指，亦可以是類别泛稱，但是中文没有一個字或詞涵蓋所有外族，同時貫撤始終地包羅“外來”與“野蠻”的語意。論者多謂《左傳》以及其他載籍中“我者”與“他者”的分際是文化習俗而非種族。但是文化習俗差異如何精準地界定，並不容易。本文探究三個問題。(1) 華夷之“辯”如何界定華夷之辨？戰事方式、土地運用、禮制儀節是否爲決定因素？楚、吳形象，爲何游移於“華化”與“夷化”之間？魯與“東夷”的關係，顯示“他者”的描摹與自我定位不可分割。同源近俗似乎正是衍生突顯差異的原動力。(2) 文化聯繫的存在或否定，往往建基於歷史回顧。承認“戎化”或刻意淡化與周的歷史淵源，可以是抗拒周王之要求、不受其羈縻的方法。相反的，重寫歷史，泯滅“他者”身份，也許是圖霸的途徑。作者分析“有史爲證”的辯論方式，探討華夷同、異的觀點如何藉重塑歷史尋找論據。(3) 貶損蠻、夷、戎、狄的論點往往出現於人物的言説，所以我們應該考慮“他者”屬性道德化背後的修辭框架。辯論的焦點可能是軍事策略、和與戰的選擇、“獻捷”的儀節、周王與盟主的關係等等。《左傳》透過追捕歷史事件的因果關係及歷史人物的動機，超越了簡單化、道德化的華夷之辨程式，呈現了一個複雜而多元的畫面。

There is no fixed categorical term for barbarians in Chinese. Specific groups are identified as “aliens” or “cultural others” through words like Man 蠻, Yi 夷, Rong 戎, and Di 狄, but all four terms can be specific or categorical. It is often said that the us-versus-them formula in Zuozhuan (and early Chinese texts in general) is cultural rather than ethnic, but precise definitions of cultural difference can be elusive. This article focuses on three issues regarding the representation of cultural difference: (1) Who is the barbarian? Can we find the decisive criterion in modes of …

西遊的文化政治：從兩部遊記看蒙元正統論的生成, Ming Tak Ted Hui

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

南宋末年，偏安一隅的宋室曾多次向鄰國派遣使節，讓他們考察外國的軍政制度與文化風俗，藉此訂定邊政，防範外族侵擾。這些使者所撰述的遊記大都有實際的功能。相對來説，全真教道士李志常 (1193—1256) 所編撰的《長春真人西遊記》更能展現當時文化與政治之間糾纏不清的關係。李志常的這部遊記記錄了自己追隨老師丘處機 (1148—1227) 西行到中亞訪問成吉思汗 (1162—1227) 的旅程。他一方面要申明全真教在文化上的權威，另一方面卻又必須考慮當時蒙古已統領華北地區，擁有統治的實際權力。本文即嘗試先闡明《長春真人西遊記》的敘事策略，説明李志常如何在承認蒙古的統治之餘，展示自己在文化上比蒙古人更優越。本文接着從全真教的遊記轉到耶律楚材 (1190—1244) 所撰的《西遊錄》。耶律楚材扈從成吉思汗出兵西域，其遊記不但有意識地回應了全真教的記錄，同時又挪用了全真教的修辭，既申明了蒙元帝國攻佔中亞的理據，同時也模糊了蒙古人與漢人的分野。透過比對兩部遊記的異同，追乘其修辭的影響，本文嘗試闡明這些作品早已爲蒙元的正統論奠下基礎。

Before the Mongol conquest in 1279, numerous envoys were sent from the Southern Song court to its neighboring states. Their purpose was to evaluate and tame foreign territories and alien peoples and thereby reduce their threat to Song culture, and the travelogues resulting from these journeys were often “utilitarian” in style. The Record of the Perfected Master Changchun’s Journey to the West (Changchun zhenren xiyou ji), however, deserves special attention for its nuanced handling of a complex cultural-political power dynamics. Its compiler, Li Zhichang, was a leader in the Quanzhen …

流放、邊界、他者 : 方孝標《東征雜詠》探析, Lawrence Yim

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

清初流放東北的事件，規模之大、牽涉之廣史無前例，涉及歷史、政治、文化、文學種種方面。不少流人在戍所仍寫作不輟，他們的詩文作品大有研究的價值。本文探論方孝標 (1618—1696) 在赴寧古塔途中所作之組詩《東征雜詠》，其内容、情感、語言異常引人入勝。本文著眼於下列問題：流人難以言喻的精神、心理狀況是如何經由文本的文學、美學機制而得以反映、再現的? 流放世界的間隙性“閾限”(liminality) 與流放文字本身的“閾限”是怎樣的一種依存關係？我們又可以怎樣從歷史、哲學、文學的角度去理解、描述這種“居間性”(inbetweenness)? 這些提問有助我們理解“流人作爲詩人”或“詩人變作流人”的方孝標的形象與聲音。我們也將看到，流人在異域的山川風物中，在文化與語言的差異中，在精神與肉體的卑辱經驗中，以及在迷惘困惑的自我主體性中，必然會遇上一個“他者”(other)。

Exile to Manchuria in the early Qing ( 1644 - 1912) is a peculiar historical, political, and cultural phenomenon whose scale and scope is unprecedented in pre-modern Chinese history. Among the exiles were some very accomplished writers who continued to write in the places of banishment, and their treatment of the trope of exile and exilic experiences in poems and prose writings is worthy of serious study. This paper is a study of the exilic writings of the especially important yet understudied poet Fang Xiaobiao (1618 — 1696), who in the wake of the …

《讀書聲》與清初社群的界限, Ariel Fox

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

本文透過傳奇《讀書聲》中出現的奇異生物，探索了帝國晚期的中國對於非人他者的想像。全劇行至中段，元初書生宋儒發現自己被抛棄在一座遥遠的荒島上。在那裏，他被一隻人熊救起並與之結爲伴侣，這是一隻勇猛卻又充滿善意的類熊生物。儘管兩者的結合時日不長，但是藉由婚姻，邊緣化角色被置於中心位置（既是故事的、又是帝國的中心），這樣的情節在全劇爲數不多，因而具有重要意義：此外，待到結局之時，書生與船夫之女和蒙古官員之女雙雙成婚。然而，當這樣的雙重婚姻爲有效跨越文人與商人、漢人與蠻夷之間的差異提供了可能，人熊的悲劇命運卻又消弭了任何跨越人獸界綫的機會。換言之，随著商人和蒙古人成爲新的社會群體的一部分，人熊卻標誌着一條必需的界限。劇中，正是這條界限使得社會與民族的他者擺脱了低賤與野蠻的標籤。與此同時，新社群對於人熊的排斥也並非無憂；通過顛覆傳奇普遍對完整性的强調，《讀書聲》戲劇性地展示了清初秩序重建所必經的分裂與排斥。

This article explores the late imperial imagination of the nonhuman other by way of a curious creature that appears in the southern drama Dushu sheng. Midway through the play, set in the early years of the Yuan dynasty, the young literatus protagonist is abandoned on a remote island, where he is rescued by a renxiong, a fierce yet empathetic bear-like creature that takes him as its mate. Though short-lived, their union is one of several in the play in which marginal characters are brought into the (narrative and imperial) center through marriage: by the end of the …

女夷救忠臣 : 《血影石》中的性别、疆界與華夷辯證, Chiung-Yun E. Liu

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

清初蘇州派劇作家朱佐朝《血影石》傳奇，敘寫八百媳婦國跨海向中國興兵,拯救明初“靖難”忠臣之家。本文由此出發，考察晚明清初文學敘寫華夷互動，當中内/外、自我/他者之間的關係如何安排，史地知識之實與建構想像之虚，彼此如何交錯轉换。本文首先將《血影石》與晚明小説《英烈傳》及《西洋記》對照分析，以見晚明清初小説戲曲中，華夷關係想像内涵的異同變化。其次聚焦《血影石》，分析劇作家如何在性别、華夷、政治錯综的場域中，調度轉化陰/陽、中原/異域、野蠻/文明符號，使原處從屬地位的“女”、“夷”得到角色動能，成爲救援行動的關鍵力量，並自海洋邊緣，以八百媳婦國爲中心，重構出另一套世界地理秩序，與中華視野下的華夷觀相抗衡。

In the seventeenth-century chuanqi play Xieying shi 血影石 (The Rock with Shadows of Blood), the tributary state of the Ming Empire, Babai xifu guo 八百媳婦國 (Lanna Kingdom, primarily in modem Northern Thailand) leads a joint fleet of the states in the southern and western oceans to “correct” the moral failings of the Ming Empire in China. After the civil war, the victorious Yongle Emperor usurps the throne from his young nephew, the Jianwen Emperor, executes the latter’s loyal ministers and persecutes their families. This play raises the questions as to what defines Yi (the foreign barbarian) as opposed to …

先秦諸子開幕式與閉幕式, Yi Yang

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

孔子於魯昭公三十一年赴洛陽問禮於老聃，老聃傳授的道和禮，孔子接受並加以改造的以仁和孝爲核心的禮，開啟了春秋戰國諸子百家争鳴的源頭。三百年後，荀子招收韓非、李斯爲徒，以帝王術统率思想，給諸子百家争鳴畫上一個句號。這就是先秦諸子百家的開幕式和閉幕式。

In the 31st year of the Duke Zhao of Lu, Confucius went to Luoyang and consulted Laozi about li 禮 (ritual). Confucius re-conceptualized with ren 仁 (benevolence) and xiao 孝 (familial piety) as the cores. The exchange between Confucius and Laozi marks the beginning of the Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought. Three hundred years later, Xunzi mentored Han Fei and Li Si and taught them the art of rulership which puts an end to the centuries-long Concention. Such are its beginning and end.

今本何休《解詁》通用字辨, Jiyi Gao

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

何休之用字，有獨用、别用例，無通用例。獨用者，謂二字可通，但何氏止用一字。别用者,謂二字雖可通，然何氏分别其義，義既有别，則不得相通用。通用者，謂二字相通，或用此字，或用彼字，字雖相易，義則無殊。通用例與獨用、别用例相乖，今以何氏義例及《解詁》諸本相證，知今本《解詁》之通用字，乃後人傳寫改易。明乎此，則何氏《公羊》家法、今本《解詁》傳寫之譌亂，可以了然矣。

He Xiu’s diction is featured by use of exclusive characters and use of different characters rather than by use of interchangeable characters. Use of exclusive words means using only one character when two characters can be used interchangeably. Use of different words means though two interchangeable characters can be used to replace each other, He Xiu refuses to use them to replace each other because they differ in meaning. Use of interchangeable characters means two characters, though different in form, can be used interchangeably, for they express the same meaning. However, considering that use of exclusive characters and use …

多重他者 : 太平天國戰争時期的身份政治, Huan Jin

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

在太平天國戰争 (1851—1864) 期間及其結束後，“他者”這一概念被用來煽動與表述暴力，並且在這一過程中獲得了多種意義。本文集中於十九世紀與太平天國相關的話語與表述，來探討“他者”這一概念所藴藏的政治、道德以及文化内涵。首先，通過討論太平天國和清政府的政治宣傳，作者探究這兩個敵對政權如何各自構建其政治敵人。對於太平天國的身份建設而言，宗教與政治敵人的確立尤爲重要。其次，作者關注介於現實與想像之間的筆記小説中處於政治與社會邊緣的人物。這些人物穿越政治邊界，也因此在太平天國與清政府話語中所規定的“我們”與“他者”之外形成了“第三類别”。這些短篇故事中的作者對這些邊緣角色做出道德評價，因而將他們置於另一種與“他者”相關的敘事規範之中。最後，在奇幻與想像的疆域裏，企圖建構與調整政治與道德“他者”的努力被撤底質疑。總體而言，本文以在太平天國戰争之中及其結束後所産生的文學與文化爲對象，探討“他者”這一概念的多義性與有效性。

During and after the Taiping Civil War (1851 - 1864), the notion of the Other was implicated in the provocation and mediation of violence and, as a result, acquired a multitude of new meanings and manifestations. Focusing on the discourse surrounding the Taiping War, this article explores the multiple political, moral, and cultural implications embedded in the idea of otherness. Unpacking the propaganda discourse of both the Taiping rebels and the Qing government, the author investigates the making of the political enemy by opposing regimes. In particular, the construction of a religious and political enemy is vital …

“龍城飛將”與古詩中地名, Ming Yang

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

唐代詩人王昌齡名作《出塞》中“龍城飛將”之語，應理解爲横行萬里、轉戰絶域的大將，不應理解爲專指漢代的“飛將軍”李廣。“飛將”“龍城”都是泛指。將原本專指邊塞某地的名稱虚泛化，作爲一種詞藻使用，是南朝以來詩文創作裏的常見現象。不僅涉及邊塞的作品，一般詩作中也可以見到類似情況，詩人們以泛用地名的手段，表達感受，營造氣氛，而不顧地名的實際所指。

The words of “flying General of dragon city” (龍城飛將) in the famous work Going out of the frontier (《出塞》) by Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty should be understood as a general who traveled thousands of miles and turned to fight in a remote area, not to refer to Li Guang, the “flying general” (飛將軍) of the Han Dynasty. Both of “Flying general” (飛將軍) and“dragon city” (龍城) are general terms. It has been a common phenomenon in poetry since the Southern Dynasties that the name originally specifically refers to a certain place in the frontier fortress is used as …

書信中的君王形象與心理戰 : 拓跋燾 (408—452) 的國書和他的南方讀者, Lu Kou

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

公元五世紀上半葉，北魏 (386—534) 王朝逐漸统一中國北部，成爲與南朝劉宋 (420—479) 政權相對峙的勁敵。隨著軍事對抗和外交互動的逐漸頻繁，雙方也實施和利用多種文化與政治策略以在權力與正統的爭奪中獲勝。本文討論北魏君主拓跋燾 (408—452，423—452在位) 在南北朝軍事對峙的關鍵時刻發送給南朝的國書以及書信中帝王的自我呈現。學界對北朝文學的某種共識認爲北人文章在語言風格上的簡單，反映了北方質樸的民風與民族特色。筆者則將拓跋燾書信的討論置於宫廷創作、外交策略以及歷史敘述的語境中，認爲拓跋燾書信語言的“簡單”是北朝宫廷特意營造與選擇的修辭術。該修辭策略塑造了與南方截然相反的帝王形象，同時影響預期讀者對當時軍事與政治形勢的判斷。之後，史學家沈約 (441—513) 將拓跋燾的書信嵌於《宋書》的歷史敘事中。語境的變化改變文本的意義，爲後來讀者提供了新的闡釋框架。

The Northern Wei dynasty (386 - 534) unified north China in the fifth century CE and stood as a powerful rival to the Liu Song dynasty (42 - 479) in the south. As military campaigns and diplomatic exchange between the two dynasties became more frequent, both courts strove to deploy a variety of strategies to prevail in the competitions of political authority and legitimacy. This article examines the northern emperor Tuoba Tao’s (408 - 452，r. 423 - 452 ) self-represen-tation in his letters delivered to the southern audience at the height …